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작성자 Merry
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Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders

top-doctors-logo.pngMany people with ADHD also suffer from comorbid conditions, such as major depression (Kessler and colleagues, 2006). Many sufferers do not respond to medication for depression and may be able to benefit from psychotherapy.

Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. Commonly prescribed stimulants include methylphenidate, amphetamine and other similar drugs.

Medications

Adults are able to take many different medications to treat ADHD in children. However, the dosages are different and the drugs may cause negative side effects that aren't common in children. The doctor will examine the medical history, the family health history, and other conditions of an individual to determine which medication is best.

The most commonly used kind of ADHD medication is a stimulant. It is used to regulate levels of two chemical messengers in the brain called norepinephrine and dopamine. The stimulants like methylphenidate (also known as Adderall) and dextroamphetamine increase the availability of neurotransmitters that help improve concentration, decrease impulsivity, and reduce aggression. They come in various forms like chewable tablets, liquids, and skin patches. These long-acting stimulants are favored due to their improved patient compliance and a smoother, longer-lasting improvement of symptoms.

It is crucial to remember that co-occurring disorders like depression or anxiety disorders can influence the response to ADHD medication. Therefore, it is recommended that these psychiatric problems be treated first, and medications be used as a secondary measure. Medications that can be used to treat comorbid mood disorders include atomoxetine, bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).

Some patients might have an "rebound effect" where their ADHD symptoms get worse after stopping stimulant medication. In these instances it is possible to try a short-term trial of an atypical stimulant drug could be beneficial.

Some people are unable to tolerate stimulant medicines or are not able to take them due to addiction or other health conditions like heart issues that are severe or hypertension. In these instances, non-stimulant medications such as atomoxetine and viloxazine can be effective. These medications don't have the same negative side effects as stimulants, and they are less likely to be misused or diverted.

Psychotherapy

Psychotherapy (talk therapy) can be helpful for those suffering from ADHD. It can help them gain strategies to improve their lives, deal with anxiety and stress, resolve conflicts, and manage issues in relationships or at work. It can also aid with co-existing mental illnesses like depression and substance use disorders.

Talk therapies include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as well as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and schema therapy. These treatments are based on the idea that a person's beliefs and attitudes affect how they think, feel and behave. CBT assists a person to recognize negative behavior and thought patterns, and then develops and implements strategies to change these patterns. The use of meditation techniques in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help someone focus on their emotions and thoughts to control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy and other types of psychotherapy focused on a person's history with their family may be useful for people with ADHD who have significant secondary issues.

Psychotherapy, as well as medication, can help with specific untreated adhd in adults relationships issues, such as difficulty keeping up with schoolwork or interacting with other people. It can also help with forgetting important dates and responsibilities, and making impulsive decisions that can could lead to legal and financial problems. It can also assist people to identify and resolve issues that may be contributing to their ADHD symptoms, like anxiety or depression.

Psychotherapy can help someone develop healthy coping strategies and reduce stress, for example exercising, improving sleep and healthy eating habits. It can also provide assistance to an individual in the family or with a spouse who is struggling with the negative effects ADHD affects their relationship. Marriage and family therapy helps couples and families learn how to communicate better and manage ADHD symptoms together.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of psychotherapy which focuses on transforming the negative patterns of thinking that clients have. It utilizes skill-based dialogue with a skilled mental health professional (a therapist) to address the underlying causes of their symptoms. This treatment is designed to assist clients overcome their limitations and develop coping strategies doctors that treat adhd in adults are appropriate to their everyday lives.

Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT teach clients how to identify unhelpful thinking patterns and assist them to develop skills to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can be lengthy. It is an option for adults who do not receive enough relief from their medication.

A recent RCT study has found that when paired with medication, CBT is superior to cognitive behavioral therapy alone in improving the core symptoms, emotional symptoms self-esteem, and social functioning of adults suffering from adhd treatment for adults (Clarke and co. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is especially beneficial for those suffering from more severe underlying problems.

Therapists who provide this type of treatment work with clients to create an action plan that addresses their specific issues. They will teach them a set of practical skills that are simple to master and have a good chance of success. Typically, a chart system is used to monitor the progress of a child and reward positive behavior. In the case of a child, this might be a daily journal that lists all the in-school tasks or positive behaviors they must perform and an approach to monitoring and gaining rewards. Therapists can also talk about the possibility that negative consequences may be introduced when a child does not complete their task. This can be done with sensitivity and encouragement.

Metacognitive Therapy

A more recent form of therapy, metacognitive therapy, assists individuals in changing how to get diagnosed and treated for adhd they think. This kind of therapy can be beneficial for people suffering from a range of mental health problems, including depression. It is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy which assists people in recognizing negative thought patterns and their effect on their emotions. This type of therapy helps them develop psychological tools that can be flexible and useful.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning in adults suffering from ADHD. To achieve this we examined the relationship between self- and informant-rated deficits in daily functioning to indicators of metacognition (comprehensive knowledge and cognition regulation debugging, information management, and evaluation). It was observed that comprehensive knowledge was related to daily functioning in adults with ADHD but that the processes of regulation were not. The predictive power of a model with metacognition predictors was moderate, suggesting that they can explain significant proportions of the variance in the daily functioning of people with ADHD.

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a type of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states of worry and rumination, as well as attention fixation. MCT was created by Adrian Wells based on an information processing model developed by Wells and Gerald Matthews. MCT has been proven to be effective in treating anxiety disorder. However, it is still an in-development treatment and more research is required to determine if it could help with other disorders.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of MCT in reducing symptoms of illness anxiety disorder, however it can be applied to a variety of disorders and could be more effective than other treatments. It is important to keep it in mind that this isn't an effective treatment for ADHD but it could be used as an alternative therapy.

Family Therapy

In family therapy the Therapist works with the entire family. Everyone can gain a better understanding of the client's needs and learn to assist their loved ones. It also helps them cope with their frustrations and develop better communication skills. Additionally, this kind of counseling is useful in dealing with comorbid disorders like depression or substance misuse which are often seen alongside ADHD.

The therapist will begin with an intake session to better understand the family's perspective and determine whether they are suitable for intervention with the family. This can be done either in person or online. The counselor will go over the details of the treatment with each individual and set out the do's and don'ts of family therapy.

A therapist with worked with adults suffering from ADHD asks lots of questions to get a better understanding of their current symptoms as well as their history and the impact that they have on their work, family and relationships. They will also inquire whether there are any other mental health issues present like depression or anxiety.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured kind of counseling that teaches you how to manage your behavior and change negative thinking patterns into positive ones. It focuses on improving self-esteem and self-control by educating you on how to manage anger and stress. It is a short-term treatment For inattentive adhd In adults option that can be paired with other forms of psychotherapy.

Individual talk therapy can help people with ADHD overcome emotional burdens resulting from long-standing patterns of failure, underachievement academic issues, frequent job changes and relationship conflict. It can teach you ways to manage stress and cope and help you manage your time and finances more efficiently. It can also be used to tackle other comorbid conditions like anxiety and mood disorders that are often associated with ADHD.

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